Gasoline Kinds and Varieties at Petroleum Stations Can Consist of Petrol,Diesel,LPG,Bio Diesel and of course Bio Fuel

Bio fuel

Any solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel produced from organic (once living) matter, either directly from plants or indirectly from alternative, commercial, household, or agricultural wastes. There are three main methods for the development of bio fuels: the burning of free of moisture organic wastes (such as domestic refuse, alternative and farming wastes, straw, wood, and peat); the fermentation of soaked wastes (such as animal dung) in the absence of oxygen to produce bio gas (containing up to 60% methane), or the fermentation of sugar cane or maize to produce alcohol and ester; and energy forestry (producing fast-growing lumber for fuel).
Fermentation produces two main types of bio fuels: alcohol and ester. These could in theory be used in place of fossil fuels but, because major alterations to engines would be required, bio fuels are usually mixed with fossil fuels. The EU allows 5% ethanol, derived from wheat, beet, potatoes, or maize, to be added to fossil fuels. In Brazil ethanol from sugar cane is used in cars run either on ethanol, on gasohol (a blend of petrol and ethanol), or on each of them ("dual fuel"" motors). Ethanol replaces 40% of the petrol that the world would use for motor transport.

Bio diesel

This is produced from environment friendly energy sources such as sugar beet, rape seed, palm oil and sunflower. It is a physical substitute for regular diesel. Bio diesel is more environmentally friendly than conventional cars which run on petrol and diesel for many reasons; it is not toxic and doesn't produce as much damaging exhaust emissions. Even though bio diesel produces carbon dioxide as a by-product, the plants developed to generate the fuel absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. This means that the net carbon emission into the atmosphere is much less than non bio fuels such as petrol. Although there is a danger of deforestation in rainforests to create space for plantations needed to create bio diesel. Bio diesel is not available at all gasoline stations but can usually be purchased for less than the price of diesel and unleaded petrol. You could even get free bio diesel if you collect old oil from eateries and filter it on your own.
Bio ethanol
This is a biological gas substitute for petroleum and is made from renewable energy sources. It has much the very same benefits as bio diesel but is a great deal common, Its popularity as a bio product is increasing however.

The future oil price forecasts are very different, owing to the high level of uncertainty on a host of simple and easy elements.

At a recent summit of specialists in Russia that illustrates the wide range in estimates even just for local supplied crude the Russian Ministry of Energy, or Minenergo, the "official" government estimate has oil prices low - at about $80 a barrel in 2013.
However, there were other estimations put in front. The Ministry of Finance (MinFin) set up what can only be described as a recession approach. This educated guess puts oil prices at $62-$65 a barrel.
Then there is the Ministry of Economic Development (MED). MED considered both domestic and external trade considerations. The estimate coming from this ministry was lower than that of Minenergo, but at $75 a barrel was higher than that of MinFin.
Against this backdrop of different forecasts made by conflicting Russian ministries, approximations from the outside including many are also varied but many are tending to the upside.
Granted, all of the non-Russian suggestions cite the three unknowns limiting the cost of crude elsewhere: the fiscal cliff, the Eurozone debt crisis, and the expected levels of productivity and demand coming from China.
A strong consensus did emerge from North American and European experts it will rise
The overwhelming view is that oil prices will be moving higher up next year, although the continuing volatility will guarantee that this is hardly going to be a straight line advancement.
Even still, there will be a number of arguments that will push Brent and WTI prices as much as 20% higher next year-particularly in the first quarter.
2013 Oil Price Forecast: Oil Prices Are Set to Rise
On the European scene, The optimism noticed in Frankfurt and Warsaw a few weeks ago was more marked in Moscow among the Europeans there.
Nobody believes the weakness in the continental economy will be disappearing anytime soon. But the stark fears of a collapse in the Eurozone, so much a staple of the talking heads on media throughout much of 2012, is simply missing as we move into the new year.
As for China, we must agreed that this has been consistent and is not causing the massive fluctuations predicted.
The Chinese economy has "cooled" to an annual rise in excess of 7%. The growing demand level is still there and so is the influence level expected from a quickly developing Chinese middle class.
These three elements, therefore, are converging in a way to give a result of higher crude prices. All of them are on the demand side of the equation. As each improves, so also will the projections for oil and oil product volume.
Supplies Fundamentals Will Drive Oil Prices Upward
On the supply side, we continue to witness rising costs in both mainstream and unconventional crude production.
This development largely results from the smaller fields, inferior quality crude, and accelerating infrastructure expenses associated with drilling. Combined with these are the ever-present geopolitical dilemmas in the Persian Gulf, Syria and North Africa.
These considerations translate into higher crude prices .
Should the Iranian circumstance deteriorate, or the standoff between Iraqi central forces and Kurdish provisional militia , the situation in the Persian Gulf alone would add a risk premium to both benchmarks as well.
Most Indicators for the coming year are pointing to a rise with inherent fluctuations but consumers tend only to experience the rises not any short term falls

The specific biggest factor in the pricing of gasoline is the price level of the crude oil from which it is produced.

In recent years, the world's appetite for gasoline and diesel fuel grew so quickly that suppliers of these fuels had a difficult time keeping up with demand. This requirement growth is a key reason why prices of both crude oil and petrol reached record levels in mid-2008. Then prices can be forced right down due to the weakening economy and fall of worldwide petroleum demand. These factors help gasoline prices to drop Then improvement in world economies and the political events in the Middle East and North Africa , the source of about one third of world oil production, adds up to the increases in crude oil and thus gasoline price.

There are three main grades of gasoline, formulated on octane levels: regular, midgrade, and premium. The octane level of a fuel refers to its resistance to combustion; a fuel with a higher octane level will be less prone to pre-ignition and detonation, which is also known as engine knocking. Premium grade is the most expensive; the price difference between grades is typically a small tiny proportion per gallon.


So Just what Are the Main Segments of the Retail Price of Gasoline?
The cost to provide, transport, and sell gasoline to consumers includes:

The final price of crude oil
Refining costs and profits
Movement and marketing costs and profits
Levy

Retail pump rates reflect these costs, as well as the profits (and sometimes losses) of refiners, marketers, distributors and retail station owners.

What Establishes the Cost of Crude Oil?
The pricetag of crude oil as a share of the retail gasoline price varies over time and among regions of the World. Crude oil prices are determined by both supply and demand factors. On the demand side of the equation, world economic growth is the biggest factor. One of the major factors on the supply side is the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which can sometimes exert vast impact on prices by setting an upper production limit on its members, which produced about 43% of the world’s crude oil in 2011. OPEC countries have for the most part all of the world’s spare oil production capacity, and possess about two-thirds of the world’s estimated crude oil reserves. Oil prices have often spiked in response to break in the international and domestic supply of crude oil.

Taxes Add to the Price of Gas
National Federal, state, and local government taxes are the next largest part of the retail charge of gas. These can make dramatic variations throughout the world

Refining Overhead and Earnings
Refining costs and profits vary from country to country of the Marketplace, partly due to the different gasoline products required in different parts of the world. The properties of the gasoline produced be dependent on the type of crude oil that is used and the type of processing technology available at the refinery where it is produced. Gasoline prices are also affected by the cost of other ingredients that may be blended into it, such as ethanol.

Distribution, marketing, and retail dealer costs and profits make up the remainder of the retail price of gasoline. Most gasoline is shipped from the refinery first by pipeline to terminals near consuming areas where it may be blended with other products (such as ethanol) to meet local government and market specifications, and is then delivered by tanker truck to actual gasoline stations.

Some service outlets are owned and operated by refiners, while others are independent businesses that purchase gasoline from refiners and marketers for resale to the public. The pricing on the pump includes the retailer’s cost to purchase the finished gasoline and the costs of operating the service station. It also reflects local market conditions and indicators, such as the desirability of the location and the marketing strategy of the owner.

The cost of doing business by individual dealers can vary greatly depending on where the dealer is located. These costs include wages and salaries, benefits, equipment, lease/rent, insurance, overhead, and state and local fees. Even retail stations next to each other can have different traffic patterns, rents, and sources of supply that affect their prices. The amounts and location of local competitors can also affect prices.